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Les vertus du Néré dans l’alimentation africaine

Les vertus du néré dans l’alimentation

Le produit issu de la transformation des graines de néré est un condiment auquel certains donnent le nom de moutarde africaine, mais la procédure d’obtention de ce condiment aromatique n’a rien à avoir avec celle de la moutarde. Nous parlerons tout simplement des vertus du néré dans l’alimentation.

Le néré, arbre nutritif et très utile en Afrique occidentale, pousse dans les zones de savane et du Sahel et possède plusieurs dizaines d’années de vie. On lui attribue un pouvoir protectorat du champ dans lequel il est situé. Ce qui explique la vénération dont il est parfois l’objet. Ses feuilles, lorsqu’elles sont transformées en poudre ; servent à la fabrication de sauce. Son fruit sert dans la fabrication de boissons sucrées et se présente sous forme de gousses d’environ 20 cm de longueur contenant des graines enrobées dans une pulpe jaune qui se consomme directement telle quelle ou délayée dans de l’eau.
Néanmoins, Sa partie la plus visée est la graine qui, une fois libérée de son enveloppe et de la poudre jaune est transformée en un condiment très nutritif, très affectionné et utilisé dans presque toute l’Afrique de l’Ouest pour son intérêt aromatique et nutritionnel. On l’appelle soumbala au Burkina Faso et au Mali, soumbara en Côte d’Ivoire, afitin au Bénin et au Togo, nététou au Sénégal, dawa-dawa ou iru au Nigéria et au Ghana.

Nutrition
Le Néré est très riches en protéines (la farine de Néré apporte la totalité des acides aminés essentiels à l’organisme), en fer, mais aussi en vitamines C, vitamine B2, vitamine PP et en iode. Comme il contient de l’iode, il participe à la réduction des problèmes de goitre. Le Néré est connu en Afrique pour sa capacité pour prévenir l’hypertension voire la diminuer. Sa consommation permettrait de prévenir ou de réduire certaines formes d’anémies. Il semble qu’il est bon dans les traitements de certains cas de décalcification. On lui attribue un pouvoir de renforcement des défenses immunitaires principalement en matière de prévention du cancer. En usage externe, dans les cas de piqûre de scorpion ou d’abeille, une application des cataplasmes de soumbala sur les parties concernées est pratiquée par certains groupes ethniques. De plus, le soumbala est quelquefois servi avec un peu de sel aux malades qui vomissent du sang. Dans les cas de grandes fatigues, il est recommandé de consommer pendant quelques jours une soupe de soumbala pure ou additionnée à un peu de légumes pas trop cuits.

Utilisation médicale des différentes parties de la plante de néré :
Racines : vermifuge, blennorragie.
Ecorce : diarrhée, amibiase, pneumonie, bronchite, fièvre, plaie, lèpre, gastrite, otite, gingivite, hypertension.
Ecorce + feuille : carie dentaire, conjonctivite.
Fleur : lèpre.
Fruit : fièvre jaune, constipation, anorexie, rachitisme, ictère.
Graines : soumbala au Burkina Faso et au Mali, soumbara en Côte d’Ivoire, afitin au Bénin et au Togo, nététou au Sénégal, dawa-dawa ou iru au Nigéria et au Ghana.

Recette : Le soumbala au Burkina Faso et au Mali, le soumbara en Côte d’Ivoire, l’afitin au Bénin et au Togo, le nététou au Sénégal, le dawa-dawa ou l’iru au Nigéria et au Ghana peut accompagner autant de recette mais nous vous proposons le Thieboudienne Sénégalais.

Ingrédients pour 04 personnes.
1kg de riz (riz parfumé ou cassé)
4 gros morceaux de poisson de votre choix.
Tomates fraîches réduites en purée.
Un bouquet de persil écrasé, Feuilles de laurier.
Une grosse carotte épluchées et coupées en morceaux
2 oignons émincés ; 6gousses d’ail hachés finement.
Une cuillère à café de gingembre râpé, Chou coupé en 4 morceaux, Huile
Une cuillère à café de poivre, 2 piments Vert, sel.
2 petites aubergines ; 6 gombos et des feuilles d’oseille (tout est facultatifs)
1,5 l d’eau chaude
Du nététou du Sénégal ou de l’afitin du Bénin/Togo, du soumbala du Burkina Faso/Mali, du Soumbara de la Côte d’Ivoire, du dawa-dawa ou iru du Nigéria/Ghana.

Préparation :
Assaisonner vos poissons à l’aide du mélange de : persil écrasé, moitié de l’ail hachés finement, un peu de piment et du sel.
Incorporer le mélange dans les morceaux de poisson. Laisser reposer quelques minutes avant de les frire dans l’huile. Mettre de côté.
Faites chauffer l’huile, ajouter les oignons, les tomates, le reste de l’ail, le poivre. Puis faire frire pendant 20minutes à feu moyen.
Rajouter le poisson dans la sauce tomate avec les feuilles de laurier et une tasse d’eau ; puis saler à votre goût. Laisser mijoter 10 minutes puis retirer les poissons. Ajouter du nététou du Sénégal ou de l’afitin du Bénin/Togo, du soumbala du Burkina Faso/Mali, du Soumbara de la Côte d’Ivoire, du dawa-dawa ou iru du Nigéria/Ghana.
Ajouter tous les légumes sauf le gombo avec de l’eau et laisser cuire jusqu’à la cuisson complète des légumes (20 à 25 minutes) avant de les retirer de la sauce tomate.
Rajouter le riz préalablement lavé dans la marmite. Laisser cuire à feu très doux, en retournant souvent pour que tous les côtés soient bien cuits.
Cuire les gombos et les feuilles d’oseilles à part puis passer au mixeur avec du sel et servir avec le riz.

Pour servir, placez le riz dans un plat et disposer les légumes et le poisson au-dessus.

Astuces : Pour rendre le riz facile à cuire, vous pouvez le faire tremper dans de l’eau chaude pendant 20 minutes et laver plusieurs fois avec de l’eau tiède.

Conseil : Valorisons nos cultures africaines en multipliant la production du néré en Afrique.

Ce serait tout pour cette semaine. Je suppose que vous avez passez d’agréables moments à la lecture de cet article et que vous profiterez encore plus désormais des merveilles du Néré et du condiment très apprécié issu de la transformation de sa graine fermentée. N’oubliez pas de le partager pour en faire profiter vos amis et proches. Merci.

Publié par African Foods Nutrition le 01 Aout 2017.sndrSepoto 6g3cû2a7g6l9mam20lutc76to106i1 la4f157f04l9hm70c1

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